In this post, I am sharing FSC 1st Year Chemistry Chapter 9 Long Question PDF Notes for the students of FSC Part 1. Name of 11th Chemistry Chapter 9 is Solutions. So the students can download Solutions Chapter Long Questions notes in PDF format from here. This file contains 41 pages. These Chemistry Notes are for all the boards working under Punjab Board like Gujranwala Board, Lahore Board, Faisalabad Board, Multan Board, Rawalpindi Board, Sargodha Board, DG Kahn Board, and Sahiwal Board. Here are complete 1st Year Chemistry Notes.
11th Class Chemistry Chapter 9 “Solutions” Long question PDF Download
Solutions
“Every sample of matter with uniform properties and a fixed composition is called a phase”
Homogeneous mixture;
A mixture of two or more different chemical substances, which have a uniform composition throughout its mass is called as a homogeneous mixture.
Solution;
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more kinds of different molecular or ionic substances. The component of the solution, which is present in smaller quantity, is called as solute, and the component of the solution, which is present in larger quantity, is called as solvent. I.e. if we add some sugar in water to form a solution. The sugar, which is present in lesser amount, is a solute, while the water, which is present in larger amount, is solvent.
Molarity;
The number of mole of salute dissolved per dm3 of the solution is called as molarity. It is denoted by (M) and its unit are mol.dm3
Mathematically,
| Molarity (M) | = | Number of moles of solute _____________________________ Volume of solution in dm3 |
| Molarity(M) = | Mass of solute _______________________ Molar mass of solute | X | 1 ____________________________ Volume of solution in dm3 |
Molar solution;
“The solution in which one mole of a solute is dissolved per dm3 of a solution is called a molar solution.” i.e. to prepare 1 molar solution of glucose, we take 180g glucose and add sufficient water to make the total volume 1dm3 in a measuring flask
Molality;
The number of moles of solute dissolved in 1000g (1kg) of the solvent is called as molality. It is denoted by ‘m’ and its unit are mol.kg-1
Mathematically,
In order to get the molality of any solution, we use the following equation,
| Molality (M) = | Number of moles of solute _____________________________ Mass of solvent in kg |
| Molarity(M) = | Mass of solute _____________________ Molar mass of solute | X | 1 _______________________ mass of solution in kg |
RAOULTS LAW:
Raoults law can be defined in three ways
- The vapour pressure of a solvent above a solution is equal to the product of the vapour pressure of pure solvent and the mole fraction of solvent in solution
P = Pox1
- The lowering of vapour pressure is directly proportional to the mole fraction of solute.
Dp ∞ x2
- The relative lowering of vapour pressure is equal to the mole fraction of solute.
Dp/Po = x2
Relevant Notes
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