In this post, I am sharing the Class 12 Biology Chapter 16 Notes PDF for the students of Intermediate Part 2. This chapter’s name is Support and Movements. Students can download the Class 12 Biology Chapter 16 Support and Movements Notes PDF on their laptops or mobile. These Biology Notes are for all the boards working under the Punjab Board like Gujranwala Board, Lahore Board, Faisalabad Board, Multan Board, Rawalpindi Board, Sargodha Board, DG Kahn Board, and Sahiwal Board. Here are the complete FSC 2nd Year Biology Notes PDF chapters.
FSC Part 2 Biology Chapter 16 Notes – Support and Movements
CONCEPT AND NEED:
The main difference between plants and animals is in their locomotion, animals show mobement while plant do not. Both plants and animals need support against gravity. The collenchymatous cells in plants give support to the young plants and sclerenchymatous cells to the adult plants. In animals musceles, carilage and bones provides support. They can move towards food, away from danger and for shelter.
SUPPORT IN PLANTS
Stem is part of plant which nott only give support but also acts as a supply line between root and aerial parts of the plant. In the stem, the function of support is shared among several types of cells.
1. Turgor pressure:
The living cells of epdermis cortex and pith take in water by osmosis. Thus an internal hyrostatic pressure called turgor pressure, keeps them rigid and resistant to bending. If they loose turgidity, herbaceous stem wits. The turgor pressure is exteremely important to maintai the turgidity in plants.
Mechanism of turgor pressure:
Turgor pressure is generated by high osmotic pressure of the cell vacuole..
Tonoplast: The membrane that bounds vacuole, is called tonoplast., It contains a number active transport systems that pump ions into the vacuole or vacuolar compartments despite the higher concentration that that of the exrta cellurlar fluid. Because of the higher ionic concentration, water enters the cacuole and hence provided turdidity, mechanical support, to soft tissues of plant.
How to Download 2nd year Biology Chapter 16 Notes
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