1st Year Chemistry Chapter 6 Short Questions Notes PDF

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In this post, I am sharing the 1st Year Chemistry Chapter 6 Short Questions Notes PDF for the students of FSC Part 1. I will share it in 4 parts, Long Questions, Short Questions, Additional MCQs & Solved Exercise. Students can download all other 3 parts of 11th Chemistry Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding Short Questions with Answers Notes PDF. 11th Chemistry all Chapters Notes are also available at ilmihub.

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11th Chemistry Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding Short Questions Notes PDF Download – FSC Part 1

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What is Octer Rule?

“The tendency of atoms to attain a maximum of eight electrons in the valence shell is known as the octer rule”.

All the elements have inherent tendency to stabilize themselves. They got their stabilization by losing, gaining or sharing electrons to attain the nearst noble gas configuration.

Whey the radius of an atoms cannot be be determined precisely?

The radius of an atom cannot be determined precisely due to the following reasons.

(i) There is no sharp boundary of an atom. The preobability of finding an electron never becomes exactly zero even at large distances from the nucleus.

(ii) The electronic probability distribution is affected by neighbouring atoms. For this reason, the size of an atom may change from one compund to another.

The Size of a Cation is always smaller than its parent atom. Why?

The ionic radius of a cation is smaller than the atomic radius of the element from which it is derived.

Reason:

This is due to the reason that with the successive loss of electrons, the nuclear charge attracts the remaining electrons with a greater. So the electronic cloud come close to nucleus and size decreases.

Q. The size of an anion is always greater than its parent atom. Why?

The ionic radius of an anion is greater than the atomic radius of the corresponding atom.

Reason:

The increase in the size of the anion is due to the increase in the electron-electron repulsion because of the increase in the valence shell electrons. This repulsion causes the expansion of electronic cloud and the size increases.

Whey the electron affinity of fluorine is less than chlorine?

The electron affinity of the elements increases left or right in a period and decreases down the group. But exceptionally fluorine has electron affinity less than that of chlorine.

Reason:

Fluorine has very small size and seven electrons in 2s and 2p subshells have thick electronic cloud. This thick cloud repels the incoming electron. So initially energy is absorbed to add the electron and then energy is realeased, therefore the E.A of fluorine is less than that of Chlorine.