In this post”FSC 1st Year Chemistry Chapter 7 Solved Exercise Notes PDF” I am sharing PDF Notes for the students of FSC Part 1. The name of this Chapter is Thermodynamics . Students can download 1st Year Chemistry Chapter 7 Solved Exercise in PDF format of from here. This file contains 25 pages. These Chemistry Notes are for all the boards working under Punjab Board like Gujranwala Board, Lahore Board, Faisalabad Board, Multan Board, Rawalpindi Board, Sargodha Board, DG Kahn Board, and Sahiwal Board. Here are the complete 1st Year Chemistry Notes.
11th Class Chemistry Chapter 7 Thermochemistry Solved Exercise Notes PDF Download
What is the Difference Between internal energy and enthalpy?
| Internal Energy | Enthalpy |
| It is sum of kinetic energy and potential energy of the system. | It is sum of internal energy and product of pressure and Volume of the system |
| It is represented by ‘E’ | It is represented by ‘H’ |
| Mathematically it is E= K.E + P.E | Mathematically it is H = E+ PV |
| Its unit are joule or calorie | Its units are kilo joule or kilo calorie |
Explain that burning of a candle is a spontaneous process.
The process that makes place on its own is called spontaneous process. A process will also called spontaneous, if it needs energy to start with, but once it is started, then it proceed on its own.
A candle does not burn in air on its own; a spark initiates the burning of candle. Once it start burning, then the reaction proceed spontaneously to completion.
What is the first law of thermodynamics? How does it explain that
- qv = DE (ii) qp = DH
First law of Thermodynamics:
It stated that:
“Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another”
OR
“ Internal energy change of the system (DE) is equal to the sum of heat evolved or absorbed (q) and work sone by oron the system.
Mathematically’
DE = q + w
DE = q +PDV
- qv = DE
Concider the heat supplied to the system at constant volume
DE = q +PDV (at constant volume DV = 0 and PDV=0)
So, DE = 0
At constant volume Heat supplied is equal to internal energy change
- qp = DH
For this, consider the enthalpy change at constant pressure. Enthalpy is the sum of internal energy and product of pressure and volume as
H = E. PV
Enthalpy change will be:
DH =DE+ D(PV)
DH =DE+PDV + DPV (since P= Constant DP=0 and DPV)
DH =DE+PDV
For liquid and solid
DV=0 and PDV=0
So DH = DE
For Gass; (since DV is not equal to 0)
DH = DE+ PDV
Put the value of DE = q – w
When heat is supplied at constant pressure, work is done by the system
So w = – PDV
DE = q – PDV
DH = q – PDV + PDV
DH = qp
Relevent Notes
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